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Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, (2010)

B.S. in Chemical Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology, (1994)

Expertise

Research Interests

Decarbonization, Microalgae,Circular Economy, Renewable Carbon, Biofuels, Bioproducts, Electrochemical Hydrogenation, Microplastics, Lithium Extraction, Adsorption, Waste Management, and Nutrients Recycling.

Articles

(2024). Meicen Liu, Chandan Mahata, Zhiwu Wang, Sandeep Kumar, Yi Zheng; Comparative exploration of biological treatment of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater from sewage sludge: Effects of culture, fermentation conditions, and ammonia stripping. Journal of Environmental Management Volume 349, 1 January 2024, 119527. .

(2023). Vinod Kumar, Kumar Raja Vanapalli, Rajarshi Bhar, Sunil Kumar Maity, Brajesh K Dubey, Sandeep Kumar; Life Cycle Assessment of Fermentative Production of Lactic acid from Bread Waste based on Process Modelling using Pinch Technology. Science of the Total Environment, Volume 905, 20 December 2023, 167051..

(2023). Baleeswaraiah Muchharla, Moumita Dikshit, Ujjwal Pokharel, Ravi Garimella, Adetayo Adedeji, Kapil Kumar, Wei Cao, Hani Elsayed–Ali, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Sandeep Kumar, Bijandra Kumar; Reduced Metal Nanocatalysts for Selective Electrochemical Hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-(HydroxyMethyl) Furfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(HydroxyMethyl)-Furan (BHMF) in Ambient Conditions; Front. Chem., 20 June 2023, Sec. Electrochemistry, Volume 11 – 2023..

(2023). James Pierson, Gopi Raju Makkena, Sandeep Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Vivekanand Vivekanand, Hasan Husain, Muhammad Ayser, Venkatesh Balan, Modeling the production of microalgal biomass in large water resource recovery facilities and processing to various commodity bioproducts, Fermentation 2023, 9(10), 909; . .

(2023). Khandual S; Santiago-Mateo H; Maldonado-Ortiz AJ; Bonilla-Ahumada F; Kumar S; Flocculation and Cell Rupture in C. Vulgaris; Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences. Volume 5, Issue 1 (2023)..

(2023). Kyoko Hirayama1, Randy Maglinao, Sandeep Kumar; Biocrude Production from Lignin in Hydrothermal Medium: Effect of Rapid Heating and Short Residence Time; J. of Supercritical Fluids, Available online 29 November 2023, 106123 ..

(2023). Venkatesh Balan, James Pierson, Hasan Husain, Sandeep Kumar, Christopher Saffron, and Vinod Kumar, Potential of using Microalgae to sequester Carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts, Green Chemistry, 2023, 25, 7934-7951..

(2022). Anuj Thakkar, Philip T. Pienkos, Nick Nagle, Tao Dong, Jacob Kruger, and Sandeep Kumar; Comparative study of flash and acid hydrolysis of micro-algae for the recovery of biochemicals and production of porous biocarbon nanosheets, Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). ..

(2022). Elena Barbera, Alberto Bertucco, Krishna D.P. Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Techno-economic analysis of a micro-scale biogas plant integrated with microalgae cultivation for the treatment of organic municipal waste, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 450, Part 4, 15 December 2022, 138323, Available online 30 July 2022.

(2022). Elena Barbera, Kyoko Hirayama, Randy Maglinao, Ryan Davis, Sandeep Kumar; Recent Developments in Synthesizing Biolubricants – A Review" Biomass Conv. Bioref. February 2022. ..

(2022). Ke Zhang, Kameron J. Adams, Sandeep Kumar, Zhi-Wu Wang, Yi. Zheng, A Novel Biological Treatment of Hydrothermal Carbonization Wastewater by Using Thraustochytrium striatum, Process Biochemistry, Volume 112, January 2022, Pages 217-222. .

(2022). Nag, N., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Kumar, S., & Thakur, A. K. (2022). Recent advancements in electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics, 14(6), 1-5 Article 06027. ..

(2022). Oumar Sacko, Nancy L. Engle, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Sandeep Kumar, and James Weifu Lee, Ozonized biochar filtrate effect on the growth of Pseudomonas putida and cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, Bioresources and Bioprocessing; volume 9, Article number: 2, Published: 06 January 2022..

(2022). Sacko, Oumar; Feng, Xu; Morris, John; Council-Troche, Roberto; Kumar, Sandeep; Lee, James; Sustainable Green Chemistry: Water-Soluble Ozonized Biochar Molecules to Unlock Phosphorus from Insoluble Phosphate Material, ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, 2022, 2, 1, 69–78, Publication Date: January 11, 2022. .

Kumar, S. (2021). Anuj Thakkar, Elena Barbera, Eleonora Sforza, Alberto Bertucco, Ryan Davis, Sandeep Kumar, Flash hydrolysis of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for protein recovery, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Volume 173, July 2021, 105240..

Kumar, S. (2021). Anuj Thakkar, Katelyn M. Shell, Martino Bertosin, Dylan D. Rodene, Vinod Amar, Alberto Bertucco, Ram B. Gupta, Rajesh Shende, and Sandeep Kumar, Production of levulinic acid and biocarbon electrode material from corn stover through an integrated biorefinery process, Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 213, March 2021, 106644..

Kumar, S. (2021). Eleazer P. Resurreccion, Javad Roostaei, Mason J. Martin, Randy L. Maglinao, Yongli Zhang, Sandeep Kumar, The case for camelina-derived aviation biofuel: Sustainability underpinnings from a holistic assessment approach, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 170, 15 October 2021, 113777..

Kumar, S. (2021). Kameron J. Adams, Ben Stuart, and Sandeep Kumar, Investigation of Anaerobic Digestion of the Aqueous Phase from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste, Biomass 2021, 1(1), 61-73..

Kumar, S. (2021). Katelyn M. Shell, Dylan D. Rodene, Vinod Amar, Anuj Thakkar, Bharathkiran Maddipudi, Sandeep Kumar, Rajesh Shende, Ram B. Gupta, Supercapacitor performance of corn stover-derived biocarbon produced from the solid co-products of a hydrothermal liquefaction process, Bioresource Technology Reports, Volume 13, February 2021, 100625..

Kumar, S. (2021). S. Kumar, Yi Zheng, A Novel Biological Treatment of Hydrothermal Carbonization Wastewater by Using Thraustochytrium striatum, Process Biochemistry, Volume 112, January 2022, Pages 217-222. .

Kumar, S. (2021). V.S. Amar, J.D. Houck, B. Maddipudi, T.A. Penrod, K.M. Shell, A. Thakkar, A.R. Shende, S. Hernandez, S. Kumar, R.B. Gupta, R.V. Shende. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Processing of Unhydrolyzed Solids (UHS) for Hydrochar and Its Use for Asymmetric Supercapacitors With Mixed (Mn,Ti)-Perovskite Oxides. Renewable Energy, Volume 173, August 2021, Pages 329-34. .

(2020). Andrew P. Bessette, Ben J. Stuart, Eleazer P. Resurreccion, Sandeep Kumar, Algae-Powered Sustainable Community Design Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8 (4) , pp. 1916-1922.

Kumar, S. (2020). Elena Barbera, Rustem Naurzaliyev, Alexander Asiedu, Alberto Bertucco, Eleazer P Resurreccion, Sandeep Kumar; Techno-economic Analysis and Life-cycle Assessment of Jet Fuels Production from Waste Cooking Oil via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Corresponding, Renewable Energy, Volume 160, November 2020, Pages 428-449..

Kumar, S. (2020). Eleonora Sforza, Pushpita Kumkum, Elena Barbera, Sandeep Kumar; Bioremediation of industrial effluents: How a biochar pretreatment may increase the microalgal growth in tannery wastewater; Journal of Water Process Engineering Volume 37, October 2020, 101431..

Kumar, S. (2020). Oumar Sacko, Rachel Whiteman, Sandeep Kumar and James W. Lee; Sustainable Chemistry: Solubilization of Phosphorus from Insoluble Phosphate Material Hydroxyapatite with Ozonized Biochar; ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 18, 7068-7077.

Kumar, S. (2020). Pushpita Kumkum and Sandeep Kumar, Evaluation of Pb (II) removal potential of biochar in a fixed-bed continuous flow adsorption system, Journal of Health and Pollution (2020), Dec. 10 (28): 201210..

(2020). Elizabeth A Tonsel-White, Michael J Celestine, Criszcele M Tano, Brianne Nunez, Sandeep Kumar, Alvin Holder; The decontamination of sodium bromate by a cobaloxime in an aqueous media: Removal of a toxic substance from our environment. Inorganica Chimica Acta 510 , pp. 119697.

(2020). Alexander Asiedu, Ryan Davis, and Sandeep Kumar, Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Characterization of Flash Hydrolyzed Microalgae into Hydrocarbon Fuels Production (Jet Fuel). Fuel 261 , pp. 116440.

(2019). Asiedu, Alexander; Kumar, Sandeep; Kinetics and Optimization of Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of WCO Using 2-propanol as H-donor over NiOx-MoOx-CoOx/Zeolite. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58 (35) , pp. 15787-15802.

(2019). Gyanendra Kharel, Oumar Sacko, Xu Feng, John R. Morris, Claire Phillips, Kristin Trippe, Sandeep Kumar, and James W. Lee; Biochar Surface Oxygenation by Ozonization for Super High Cation Exchange Capacity. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7 (19) , pp. 16410-16418.

(2019). Maglinao, Randy; Resurreccion, Eleazer; Kumar, Sandeep; Maglinao, Amado; Capareda, Sergio; Moser, Bryan, Hydrodeoxygenation-Alkylation Pathway for the Synthesis of a Sustainable Lubricant Improver from Plant Oils and Lignin-Derived Phenols. Industrial and Chemistry Engineering Research 58 (10) , pp. 4317–4330.

(2019). Mohamed E. Mahmoud, Mohamed A. Khalifa, Yasser M. El Wakeel, Mennatllah S. Header, Sandeep Kumar and Tarek M. Abdel-Fattah; A Novel Nanocomposite of Liquidambar Styraciflua Fruit Biochar-Crosslinked-Nanosilica for Uranyl Removal from Water. Bioresource Technology 278 , pp. 124-129.

(2018). Chen Li, Ashanti M. Sallee, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Sandeep Kumar, Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Acetone to Produce Isopropanol Using a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Reactor. Energies 11 , pp. 2691.

Teymouri, A., Adams, K. F., Dong, T. and Kumar, S. (2018). Evaluation of lipid extractability after flash hydrolysis of algae. Fuel 224 , pp. 23-31.

Teymouri, A., Stuart, B. and Kumar, S. (2018). Hydroxyapatite and Dittmarite Precipitation from Algae Hydrolysate. Algal Research 29 , pp. 201-211.

Barbera, E., Sforza, E., Musolino, V., Kumar, S. and Bertucco, A. (2018). Nutrient recycling in large-scale microalgal production: Mass and energy analysis of two recovery strategies by process simulation. Chemical Engineering Research & Design: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part A 132 , pp. 785-794.

Barbera, E., Bertucco, A. and Kumar, S. (2018). Nutrients recovery and recycling in algae processing for biofuels production. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 90 , pp. 28-42.

Asiedu, A., Stuart, B., Resurreccion, E. and Kumar, S. (2018). Techno-economic analysis of protein concentrate produced by flash hydrolysis of microalgae. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 37 (2) , pp. 881-890.

(2018). Alexander Asiedu, Elena Barbera, Rustem Naurzaliyev, Alberto Bertucco, and Sandeep Kumar, Waste Cooking Oil to Jet-diesel fuel Range Using 2-propanol via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions. Biofuels.

Bessette, A. P., Teymouri, A., Martin, M. J., Stuart, B., Resurreccion, E. P. and Kumar, S. (2018). Life Cycle Impacts and Techno-economic Implications of Flash Hydrolysis in Algae Processing. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

Kumar, S. (2017). Effect of Reaction Time on Phosphate Mineralization from Microalgae Hydrolysate, Ali Teymouri, Ben J. Stuart, Sandeep Kumar. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng..

Kumar, S. (2017). Techno-economic analysis of protein concentrate produced by flash hydrolysis of microalgae, Asiedu, A.; Stuart, B.; Resurreccion, E. P.; Kumar, S. . Environ. Prog. & Sustainable Energy 37 (2) , pp. 881-890.

Kumar, S. (2017). Integration of Biofuels Intermediates Production and Nutrients Recycling in the Processing of a Marine Algae, Ali Teymouri, Elena Barbera Eleonora Sforza, Tomas Morosinotto, Alberto Bertucco, and Sandeep Kumar. AIChE Journal 63 (5) , pp. 1494-1502.

Kumar, S. (2016). Hydrothermal treatment for enhancing oil extraction and hydrochar production from oilseeds; Sergiy Popov, Tarek Abdel-Fattah, Sandeep Kumar. Renewable Energy 85 , pp. 844-853.

Kumar, S. (2016). Microalgae Cultivation Using Nutrients Recovered via Flash Hydrolysis; Caleb Talbot, Jose Garcia-Moscoso, Hannah Drake, and Sandeep Kumar . Algal Research 18 , pp. 191-197.

Kumar, S. (2016). Tobacco biomass as a source of advanced biofuels; Florin G. Barla and Sandeep Kumar. Biofuels , pp. 1-12.

Kumar, S. (2016). Integration of Biofuels Intermediates Production and Nutrients Recycling in the Processing of a Marine Algae; Ali Teymouri, Elena Barbera Eleonora Sforza, Tomas Morosinotto, Alberto Bertucco, and Sandeep Kumar . AIChE Journal.

Kumar, S. (2016). A comprehensive qualitative study of water soluble organic compounds associated with the production of biochar and its environmental implications, 2.Cameron R. Smith, Patrick G. Hatcher, Sandeep Kumar, and James W. Lee. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 4 (5) , pp. 2550–2558.

Kumar, S. (2016). Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Reactive Red 195 Dye from Water by Modified Switchgrass Biochar Adsorbent; doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.03.020 . Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

Kumar, S. (2016). Preparation of activated carbon from un-hydrolyzed biomass residue by ZnCl2 activation and their use on methylene blue adsorption; Chen Li and Sandeep Kumar; 10.​1007/​s13399-016-0197-7. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery.

Kumar, S. (2016). Cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus in liquid hydrolysate from flash hydrolysis for nutrient recycling; Elena Barbera, Eleonora Sforza, Sandeep Kumar, Tomas Morosinotto, Alberto Bertucco. Bioresource Technology 207 , pp. 59-66.

Kumar, S. (2015). Biochar from Woody Biomass for Removing Metal Contaminants and Carbon Sequestration; T.M. Abdel-Fattah, M.E. Mahmoud, S.B. Ahmed, M.D. Huff, J.W. Lee, S. Kumar . Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry , pp. (2014) .

Garcia-Moscoso, J., Teymouri, A. and Kumar, S. (2015). Kinetics of Peptides and Arginine Production from Microalgae (Scenedesmus sp.) via Flash Hydrolysis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (7) , pp. 2048-2058.

Kumar, S. and Popov, S. (2015). Rapid hydrothermal deoxygenation of oleic acid over activated carbon in a continuous flow process. Energy & Fuels.

Chiaramonti, D., Martelli, F., Balan, V. and Kumar, S. (2014). Industrial initiatives towards lignocellulosic biofuel deployment: an assessment in US and EU . Chemical Engineering Transactions 37 , pp. 313-318.

Kumar, S., Popov, S., Ruhl, I., Uppugundla, N., Costa Sousa, L., Balan, V. and Hatcher, P. G. (2014). Hydrothermal Conversion of Unhydrolyzed Solids into Bio-oils. Biofuels 5 (4) , pp. 431-446.

Kumar, S., Balan , V. and Chiaramonti , D. (2014). Review of US and EU initiatives towards development, demonstration and commercialization of lignocellulosic biofuels. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref 37 , pp. 313-318.

Kumar, S. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Pinewood, Peanut Shell, and Bamboo Biomass Derived Biochars Produced via Hydrothermal Conversion and Pyrolysis. Journal of Environmental Management 146 , pp. 303–308.

Kumar, S. (2014). Polyurethanes preparation using proteins obtained from Microalgae. J Mater Sci 49 (22) , pp. 7824-7833.

Kumar, S., Garcia , M., Obeid , W. and Hatcher , P. (2013). Flash Hydrolysis of Microalgae (Scenedesmus sp.) for Protein Extraction and Production of Biofuels Intermediates. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 82 , pp. 183-190.

Kumar, S. and Popov , S. (2013). Renewable fuels via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of lipid-based feedstocks. Biofuels 4 (2) , pp. 219-239.

Kumar, S., Regmi , P., Garcia , M., Cao , Mao , J. and Schafran , G. (2012). Removal of Copper and Cadmium from Aqueous Solution using Switchgrass Biochar Produced via Hydrothermal Carbonization Process. Journal of Environmental Management 10 , pp. 61-69.

Kumar, S., Loganathan, V. A., Gupta , R. B. and Barnett, M. (2011). An Assessment of U(VI) removal from groundwater using biochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization. Journal of Environmental Management 92 , pp. 2504-2512.

Kumar, S., Ramsurn , H. and Gupta, R. B. (2011). Enhancement of Biochar Gasification in Alkali Hydrothermal Medium by Passivation of Inorganic Components Using Ca(OH)2. Energy & Fuels 25 (5) , pp. 2389-2398.

Kumar, S., Byrd, A., Kong, L., Ramsurn , H. and Gupta, R. B. (2011). Hydrogen Production from Catalytic Gasification of Switchgrass Biocrude in Supercritical Water. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36 , pp. 3426-3433.

Kumar, S., Kothari, U., Lee, Y. Y. and Gupta, R. B. (2011). Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Switchgrass and Corn Stover for Production of Ethanol and Carbon Microspheres. Biomass & Bioenergy 35 , pp. 956-968.

Kumar, S. and Gupta, R. B. (2009). Biocrude Production from Switchgrass using Subcritical Water. Energy & Fuel 23 (10) , pp. 5151-5159.

Kumar, S., Gupta, R. B. and Lee, Y. Y. (2009). Cellulose Pretreatment in Subcritical Water: Effect of temperature on molecular structure and enzymatic reactivity. Bioresource Technology 101 (4) , pp. 1337-1347.

Kumar, S. and Gupta, R. B. (2008). Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose in Sub- and Supercritical Water in a Continuous Flow Reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47 , pp. 9321-9329.

Books

Kumar, S. (2019). Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology: Industrial Applications. CRC Publisher.

Book Chapters

(2023). Kumar, Sandeep, Barla, Florin and Lega, Massimiliano. "Chapter 14 Process integration opportunities applied to microalgae biomass production". Microalgae-Based Systems: Process Integration and Process Intensification Approaches, edited by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Rosangela Rodrigues Dias and Leila Queiroz Zepka, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2023, pp. 271-298. .

(2021). Arthur D. Jones, Kyria L. Boundy-Mills, Florin Barla, Sandeep Kumar, B. Ubanwa, and Venkatesh Balan; Microbial lipids alternative to plant-based lipids; In Microbial Lipid Production -Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, New York, 2019;1995:1-32. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_1.

(2021). Resurreccion E.P., Kumar S. (2021) Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae. In: Pant K.K., Gupta S.K., Ahmad E. (eds) Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Cham. . .

(2017). Alexander Asiedu and Sandeep Kumar; Ch. 12: Liquid Hydrocarbon Biofuels from Lipids. In Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Eds. CRC Press, Oct. 13, 2017. ISBN 9781498778930 - CAT# K29842.

Kumar, S. (2016). Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuel; Barla, F.; Kumar, S. Chapter 6, In Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass in a Biorefinery: From Logistics to Environmental and Performance Impact Nova Science Publishers, Inc .

(2013). Kumar, S. (2013). Sub-and supercritical water based processes for microalgae to biofuels. In: R. Gordon and J. Seckbach (eds.), The Science of Algal Fuels, Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013. pp 467-493 ISBN 978-94-007-5110-1. .

Kumar, S. (2012). Sub- and Supercritical Water Technology for Biofuels Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (pp. 147-183) New Yoork: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

(2012). Venkatesh Balan, Sandeep Kumar, Bryan Bals, Shishir Chundawat, Mingjie Jin and Bruce Dale, Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion of Switchgrass to Biofuels, In Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy, A. Monti, Editor 2012, Springer London. p. 153-185. ISBN 1447129024.

Presentations

( ). Byrd, A.; Kumar, S.; Gupta, R. B., Cellulose Liquefaction and Hydrogen Production in Supercritical Water” American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 2008. .

( ). Byrd, A.; Kumar, S.; Gupta, R. B.; Hydrogen Production from Liquefied Switchgrass in Supercritical Water over Ru, Ni, and Co Catalysts. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), Salt lake City, UT, Nov. 2010. .

( ). Garcia M. and Kumar S.; Flash hydrolysis; An ecofriendly method to process algae biomass, 14th Annual Tidewater Student Research Poster Session on November 16, 2012, at Christopher Newport University (1st Prize). .

( ). Oral Presentation Garcia M. and Kumar S.; Production of Arginine and soluble peptides from microalgae protein (Scenedesmus spp.) using Flash Hydrolysis, 247th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting & Exposition, March 16-20, 2014, Dallas, TX. .

( ). Garcia M. and Kumar S.; Protein extraction from microalgae using subcritical water hydrolysis, 243rd American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting & Exposition March 25-29, 2012, San Diego, CA. .

( ). Garcia M.; Chen R.; Kumar S.; Liao W.; Flash hydrolysis for producing algal hydrolyzate and its application in enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose biomass. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2012. .

( ). Garcia, M., Popov, S., Kumar, S. Microalgae as a Feedstock for Alternative Fuels Microalgae as a Feedstock for Alternative Fuels: Opportunities and Challenges. The Fourth International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, Conference Proceedings. Editor Gene Hou, Published by IFSM2012, Virginia Beach, VA, August 6-9, 2012. .

( ). Hatcher P.; Obeid W.; Garcia M.; Salmon E.; Kumar S.; High resolution mass spectrometric analysis of biocrude derived from subcritical water treatment of algae biomass. American Society of Mass Spectrometry (ASMS), May 20 - 24, 2012, Vancouver, Canada. .

( ). Hatcher P.G.; Salmon E.; Kumar S.; Obeid W.; Hydrocarbon-based crude oil from algaenan-containing algae: Production via a two-step subcritical hydrous pyrolysis, 2nd International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 10-13, 2012, San Diego, CA. .

( ). Kothari, U.; Kumar, S., Gupta, R.B., Lee, Y.Y.; Improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis for hydrothermally-treated switchgrass using mixed enzymes. (poster) 32nd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Clearwater Beach, FL, April 2010. .

( ). Kumar S.; Garcia M.; Obeid W.; Hatcher P.; Balan V. Elodie H; Ramani N.; Jones D. Biopolymers from Proteins extracted from Microalgae via Flash Hydrolysis Process. 35th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Portland, OR, April 2013. .

( ). Kumar S.; Microalgae to Biofuels Using Sub-and Supercritical Water Technology. Energy Technology Partnership Forum, Williamsburg, VA, April 13, 2011. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Byrd, A.; Gupta R.B., Sub- and Super-critical Water Technology for Biofuels: Swtichgrass to Ethanol, Biocrude, and Hydrogen, at 31st Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, San Francisco, CA, May 2009. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Byrd, A.; Kong, L.; Cullinan, H.; Gupta, R.B.’ Hydrothermal (sub- and super-critical water) technology for biofuel production from switchgrass, (poster) tcbiomass 2009, The International Conference on Thermochemical Conversion Science, Chicago, Sept. 16-18, 2009. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Demirbas A. Gupta, R. B., Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose in Subcritical and Supercritical Water in a Continuous Flow Reactor, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 2008. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Gupta, R. B., Biocrude Production from Switchgrass using Subcritical Water, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 2008. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Gupta, R.; Lee, Y. Y.; Gupta R. B., Enhancement of Enzymatic Digestibility of Cellulose by Treatment in Subcritical Water, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 2008. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Kong, L.; Gupta, R.B., Hydrothermal Carbonization of Switchgrass for Biochar Production. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Nashville, TN, Nov. 2009. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Kothari, U.; Lee, Y.Y.; Gupta, R.B., Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Ethanol Production. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Nashville, TN, Nov. 2009. .

( ). Kumar, S.; Kothari, U; Lee, Y.Y.; Gupta, R.B., Hydrothermal pretreatment of switchgrass: Effect of temperature and potassium carbonate on enzymatic reactivity, (poster) 31st Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, May 2009. .

( ). Nair, K.U.; Kumar, S.; Roy, S.B.; Bose, D.K.; Gupta, C.K., Production of uranium metal by calciothermic reduction. International symposium of Indian Institute of Metals, Bangalore, India, 1998. .

( ). Oral Presentation Popov S.; Kumar S. A Novel Integrated Process for Producing Oil and Biochar from Oilseeds, 247th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting & Exposition, March 16-20, 2014, Dallas, TX. .

( ). Popov S.; Kumar S.; Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction of Un-hydrolyzed Solids for Bio-oil Production, 14th Annual Tidewater Student Research Poster Session on November 16, 2012, at Christopher Newport University (3rd Prize). .

( ). Popov S.; Kumar S.; Ruhl I.; Balan V.; Uppugundla N.; Sousa L., Dale B. Hydrothermal Processing of Un-Hydrolyzed Biomass for Biocrude and Biochar Production, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2012. .

( ). Ramsurn H., Kumar, S.; Gupta, R. B.; Supercritical-Water Gasification of Switchgrass Biochar: Effect of K2CO3 catalysis and Ca(OH)2 passivation. (poster) American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) annual conference, Salt lake City, UT, Nov. 2010. .

( ). Regmi P.; Garcia M.; Hamill D.; Kumar S.; and Schafran G.; Biochar: A Renewable Material for Removing Contaminants from Water, 22nd Annual Environment Virginia Symposium, Lexington, VA, April 5-7, 2011 .

( ). Regmi P.; Garcia M.; Kumar S.; and Schafran G.; Removal of copper, cadmium, and chromium contaminants from aqueous solution using switchgrass biochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization process, 242nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, March 27-31, 2011. .

( ). Roy S.B., Kumar S.; Narayanamurthy, S.L.; Multiphase Mass Transfer in Slurry Reactors. IIChE annual conference, CHEMCON-99, India, 1999. .

(April , 2012). Hydrothermal Processing of Un-hydrolyzed Solids Produced after Enzyme Hydrolysis of AFEXTM pretreated biomass to Generate Bio-oil and Biochar. Poster 34th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, New Orleans, LA.

• 2023: 2022, 2022, and 2023 Top 2% most cited researchers based on single-year citation impact,
• 2023: Nominated for The State Council for Higher Education of Virginia (SCHEV),
• 2022: Fulbright scholarship award for visiting Italy,
• 2022: Nominated for The State Council for Higher Education of Virginia (SCHEV),
• 2021: Nominated for The State Council for Higher Education of Virginia (SCHEV),
• 2019: University Doctoral Mentoring Award, ������ϲ�����
• 2018: College’s Outstanding Associate Professor Award, BCET
• 2018: Nominated for Faculty Research Achievement Award, ������ϲ�����RF
• 2017: Nominated for Faculty Research Achievement Award, ������ϲ�����RF
• 2017: Provost’s Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Research Mentor, ������ϲ�����
• 2016: Award of Excellence for outstanding accomplishments in University-Industry partnership, Tyton BioEnergy Systems, VA.
• 2016: Award for Excellence in Research, Asian Caucus, ������ϲ�����
• 2016: Certificate of Excellence in Promoting Undergraduate Research 2016, 2017, & 2018, ������ϲ�����
• 2014: Faculty Special Recognition and Honors,
• 2014: Honarable Mention, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency P3 program,
• 2014: Distinguished Alumni of BIT Sindri (India’s undergraduate institute) Award in North America, 2014,
• 2013: National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award,
• 2009: Outstanding International Graduate Student,